2017年03月14日 20:15
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
WriteMakefile(
NAME => 'Your::Module',
VERSION_FROM => 'lib/Your/Module.pm'
);
This is a short tutorial on writing a simple module with MakeMaker. It's really not that hard.
MakeMaker modules are installed using this simple mantra
perl Makefile.PL
make
make test
make install
There are lots more commands and options, but the above will do it.
The basic files in a module look something like this.
Makefile.PL
MANIFEST
lib/Your/Module.pm
That's all that's strictly necessary. There's additional files you might want:
lib/Your/Other/Module.pm
t/some_test.t
t/some_other_test.t
Changes
README
INSTALL
MANIFEST.SKIP
bin/some_program
When you run Makefile.PL, it makes a Makefile. That's the whole point of MakeMaker. The Makefile.PL is a simple program which loads ExtUtils::MakeMaker and runs the WriteMakefile() function to generate a Makefile.
Here's an example of what you need for a simple module:
use ExtUtils::MakeMaker:
WriteMakefile(
NAME => 'Your::Module',
VERSION_FROM => 'lib/Your/Module.pm'
);
NAME is the top-level namespace of your module. VERSION_FROM is the file which contains the $VERSION variable for the entire distribution. Typically this is the same as your top-level module.
A simple listing of all the files in your distribution.
Makefile.PL
MANIFEST
lib/Your/Module.pm
File paths in a MANIFEST always use Unix conventions (ie. /) even if you're not on Unix.
You can write this by hand or generate it with 'make manifest'.
See ExtUtils::Manifest for more details.
This is the directory where the .pm and .pod files you wish to have installed go. They are laid out according to namespace. So Foo::Bar is lib/Foo/Bar.pm.
Tests for your modules go here. Each test filename ends with a .t. So t/foo.t 'make test' will run these tests.
Typically, the t/ test directory is flat, with all test files located directly within it. However, you can nest tests within subdirectories, for example:
t/foo/subdir_test.t
To do this, you need to inform WriteMakeFile() in your Makefile.PL file in the following fashion:
test => {TESTS => 't/*.t t/*/*.t}
That will run all tests in t/, as well as all tests in all subdirectories that reside under t/. You can nest as deeply as makes sense for your project. Simply add another entry in the test location string. For example, to test:
t/foo/bar/subdir_test.t
You would use the following test directive:
test => {TESTS => 't/*.t t/*/*/*.t}
Note that in the above example, tests in the first subdirectory will not be run. To run all tests in the intermediary subdirectory preceeding the one the test files are in, you need to explicitly note it:
test => {TESTS => 't/*.t t/*/*.t t/*/*/*.t}
You don't need to specify wildcards if you only want to test within specific subdirectories. The following example will only run tests in t/foo:
test => {TESTS => 't/foo/*.t'}
Tests are run from the top level of your distribution. So inside a test you would refer to ./lib to enter the lib directory, for example.
A log of changes you've made to this module. The layout is free-form. Here's an example:
1.01 Fri Apr 11 00:21:25 PDT 2003
- thing() does some stuff now
- fixed the wiggy bug in withit()
1.00 Mon Apr 7 00:57:15 PDT 2003
- "Rain of Frogs" now supported
A short description of your module, what it does, why someone would use it and its limitations. CPAN automatically pulls your README file out of the archive and makes it available to CPAN users, it is the first thing they will read to decide if your module is right for them.
Instructions on how to install your module along with any dependencies. Suggested information to include here:
any extra modules required for use
the minimum version of Perl required
if only works on certaion operating systems
すべての追加モジュール 要求される 利用のために
Perl の最小バージョン 要求される
もし特定の OS でのみ動作するなら
A file full of regular expressions to exclude when using 'make manifest' to generate the MANIFEST. These regular expressions are checked against each file path found in the distribution (so you're matching against "t/foo.t" not "foo.t").
Here's a sample:
~$ # ignore emacs and vim backup files
# 無視します emacs と vim のバックアップファイルを
.bak$ # ignore manual backups
# 無視します 手動のバックアップを
\# # ignore CVS old version files and emacs tempfiles
# 無視しますCSV の古いバージョンのファイルと emacs の一時ファイルを
Since # can be used for comments, # must be escaped.
MakeMaker comes with a default MANIFEST.SKIP to avoid things like version control directories and backup files. Specifying your own will override this default.
perlmodstyle gives stylistic help writing a module.
perlnewmod gives more information about how to write a module.
There are modules to help you through the process of writing a module: ExtUtils::ModuleMaker, Module::Install, PAR